Modern Scientific Press

ABSTRACT: This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of the methods of preparation and the chemical reactivity of benzoxazinone derivatives. This literature survey also implies study of the behavior of benzoxazinone derivatives toward hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and carbon nucleophiles. Due to their selective transformations with different reagents they have been attracting increasing attention in view of their high reactivity as building blocks for the preparation of compounds of various classes. The most eye catching features of these compounds are their greatest utility resides in pharmaceuticals (analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, antagonists, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic and anxiolytic).

ABSTRACT: Cholesterol was oxyethylenated through reaction with gaseous ethylene oxide at 160-165 ??????C in one- and two- step processes using boron trifluoride etherate (C2H5)2OBF3, Lewis acid catalyst, sodium methylate and pulverized sodium hydroxide catalysts. The rate of oxyethylene addition, yield of the produced polyoxyethylenated cholesterol nonionic surfactants, and the amount of polyethylene glycol by-products, were determined. The results revealed that considerably lower oxyethylenation rate was obtained in presence of Lewis acid catalyst when compared with the employed base catalysts, which catalyse glycol formation more efficiently than Lewis acid catalyst. However, relatively higher amount of unreacted cholesterol was determined when (C2H5)2OBF3 catalyzed oxyethylenation reaction. 1HNMR and IR spectra of cholesterol and its polyoxyethylenated products were recorded. The numbers of oxyethylene units in the hydrophilic head groups were also determined.

ABSTRACT: A series of superabsorbent heterocyclic compound s based on pyrazole derivatives Incorporated Antipyrine moiety were tested for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions via batch adsorption experiments. Studies concerning the factors influencing the adsorption capacities of pyrazole derivatives such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, ionic strength and temperature were systematically investigated and discussed. Results of batch experiments showed that theses adsorbents exhibited high sorption capacities toward basic dyes. Experimental data were analyzed using first order kinetics, pseudo-second order kinetics and intra-particle diffusion models. It was found that kinetics followed a pseudo-second order equation. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed accord?????ing to Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The characteristic parameters for each model have been determined. The thermodynamic parameters including ?????G??????, ?????H?????? and ?????S?????? for the adsorption processes of MB on the pyrazole derivatives were also calculated, and the negative value of ?????G?????? indicated the spontaneous nature of adsorption.

ABSTRACT: Alkyl compounds are largest group of anticancer drugs and they are the first compounds that used in the treatment of malignant disease. The family of phosphorylated nitrogen mustards, i.e. compounds containing the bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino group, are known to be highly effective alkylating agents with respect to a variety of nucleophilic centers, which find application in anti-tumor chemotherapy. The synthesis of phosphoramide mustards as latent alkylating agents that might be selectively activated in tumors by enzymatic (hydrolytic) release of nor-nitrogen mustard represents one of the earliest design strategies in cancer chemotherapy. Subsequently, we have synthesized a series of cyclic and noncyclic phosphoramide nitrogen mustards they have been synthesized from reaction POCl3 and bis(2-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride then the corresponding alcohols and amines and some of their biological activities were evaluated.

ABSTRACT: Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto acacia gum (AG) using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in aqueous media and in presence of nitric acid under visible light was extensively studied. The optimum grafting conditions were examined as functions of irradiation time and the concentrations of KMnO4, AN, AG and HNO3. Grafting parameters such as grafting percentage (GP %), grafting efficiency (GE %), as well as homo polymerization (HP %) all were determined. Highest GP (268%) and lowest homo polymer content (2.47%) were obtained through optimization of the grafting variables. The max absorption of KMnO4 (??????max) was determined via UV spectrophotometer. Graft products of AG-g-PAN copolymers were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, thermal analysis such as TGA and DTA. The results are discussed, and the mechanism of grafting was also suggested.