Modern Scientific Press

ABSTRACT: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. and Agastache rugosa(Fisch. et Mey.) O. Ktze., are commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. They belong to the family Lamiaceae and have very similar macroscopical features, which makes it difficult to differentiate them. In this study, the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as a rapid and non-destructive tool for the discrimination of P. cablin from different origins has been preliminarily investigated. NIR spectra were collected in transmission mode in the wavelength range of 4000-12000cm-1. Discriminant models were developed by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). The results showed that good classification could be obtained after spectral pre-treatment. The percentage of samples correctly classified by PCA methods in calibration and validation set was 99.9%. The results demonstrated that NIR could be used as a simple and rapid technique to distinguish P. Cablin from none-P. Cablin and A. Rugosa. To further validate the ability of NIR spectroscopy, more samples should be incorporated to build a more robust model.

ABSTRACT: Ginger and turmeric were obtained from local farms located along Laje Road, Ondo-City, Ondo State. The rhizomes of the plants were cut, sundried, ground and sieved. The powdered samples were separately extracted with water, chloroform, acetone, ethylacetate and ethanol. The percentage yield of each extract in each of the solvent was calculated and each extract was qualitatively screened for flavonoids, tannin, reducing sugar, volatile oil, resin, chalcone, balsam, amino acid, acid test, phlobatannin, saponins and vitamin C. The result showed that the extractive value of ginger using water, ethylacetate, ethanol, acetone and chloroform were 16.62±0.05%, 11.98±0.02%, 13.88±0.04%, 10.14±0.05% and 10.18±0.01% respectively while the extractive value of turmeric using water, ethylacetate, ethanol, acetone and chloroform were 3.30±0.02%, 13.34±0.08%, 15.24±0.10%, 12.50±0.07% and 7.48±0.03% respectively. There is significant difference at P ‹ 0.05 in all the solvents’ extractive values for ginger and turmeric. It was observed that volatile oil and vitamin C were present in all the solvent extracts. Ethanol, chloroform and ethylacetate were able to extract more phytochemicals in turmeric than water and acetone. While ethanol, water and acetone were more effective in extracting phytochemicals from ginger than chloroform and ethylacetate. The extractable bioactive ingredients from plant material is primarily dependent on the type of solvent used for extraction.